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Real Tendencies : Descartes on Dispositions and Powers in the Material World


« Real Tendencies : Descartes on Dispositions and Powers in the Material World », in Sebastian Bender et Dominik Perler (éds.), Powers and Abilities in Early Modern Philosophy, Londres, Routledge, 2024, p. 43-63.

Descartes’s mechanistic style of explanation in terms of extension, figure, and motion, and his austere substance-mode ontology, seems to leave no room for powers in the corporeal world. Yet, his natural philosophy grants a central role to forces as powers causing motion. In this chapter, I will situate Descartes’s conception of forces in the corporeal world within his broader account of powers. On a first approach, Descartes seems to divide powers into active, mental powers, conceived according to a cognitive model, and a reductionist model of physical powers mere spatial arrangements of bodily parts. Against this, I defend the view that Descartes is committed to forces as real tendencies in bodies : genuine modes which are distinct from their particular extension and motion, although presupposing them. Such tendencies constitute a third model for powers.

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